Objectum sexuality ron burch pdf download

Por tal motivo, no presentan ninguna dificultad los adjetivos aqu-osus, equ-ester y otros parecidos. Ejemplos: seps, is glis, ris stirps, is plebs, is stipes, itis cespes, itis sanguis, in is m. Ejemplos: fortitudo, inis dulcedo, inis crassitudo, inis altitudo, inis longitudo, inis magnitudo, inis fortaleza dulzura grosor altura longitud magnitud testudo, inis actitudo, inis aptitudo, inis ineptitudo, inis tendo, onis m. Ejemplos: rhizoma, tis aroma, tis systema, tis stigma, tis stemma, tis phantasmas, tis sophisma, tis 1 De origen griego.

Algunas peculiaridades en palabras de la 3a. Ejemplos: c V Nom. Los adjetivos castellanos Los adjetivos castellanos se pueden clasificar en dos grupos. Ejemplos: El rojo es un color llamativo. Analizaremos estos dos grupos por separado. Nominativo y Acusativo neutro plural en -la no en -a. Genitivo plural en -ium no en -um. Plantas de King y Bishop, colectadas en su viaje a Bolivia.

Iter Africanum anno Febr. Rosa f. Flores m. Por ejemplo: Cyrtopodium n. Ego legi Cyrtopodium Ac. In Cyrtopodio Abl. Passiflora f. Pithecellobium n. Trichomanes n.

Epidendrum n. Habenaria f. Sicilia Nom. Imperatorem Ac. Las palabras vuelan, las cosas escritas permanecen. Multa superflua sunt, pauca vero utilia. Intelligenti pauca. Para un inteligente bastan pocas explicaciones. Las cosas repetidas aprovechan. Jacquin Estas regiones americanas, alejadas de Europa, ofrecen numerosos motivos de estudio en el campo de la Historia Natural para el experto investigador.

N f- -es -ei -ei -em -e -es -erum -ebus -es -ebus J Para los neutros, donde no se indican formas especiales, valen las mismas terminaciones de los masculinos y los femeninos. Cuando se habla de radical de una palabra, debe entenderse: radical del caso Genitivo.

Por ejemplo: verben-a cyper-us lili-um rhododendr-on Gen. Por ejemplo: fructus, gradus, sinus, portus, producen: fructu-osus, gradu-atus, sinu-oides, portu-ensis. Sufijos que indican parte y medida En cuanto a los sufijos que indican "parte", son muy usadas las terminaciones latinas -fidus, a, um hendido , -partitus, a, um, o -divisus, a, um, y su equivalente griego -merus, a, um partido.

Humboldt de dos o tres p u l g a d a s de largo. Ejemplos: orchide-i-florus lance-i-formis coffe-i-folius the-i-folius sphenocle-i-folius castane-i-folius gale-i-formis dioscore-i-folius nymphae-i-folius althae-i-florus FIG. Ejemplos: gloss-o-mystax limn-o-charis cycl-o-sorus anth-o-discus syphon-o-glossa sphaer-o-carpus macr-o-cystis spor-o-phyton cyan-o-phyllus xanth-o-rhiza c Cuando el primer elemento termina en vocal, no se interpone vocal conectiva.

No obstante, en algunos casos se aceptan diferentes radicales, como sucede con mega-, meg-, megal-: el primero delante de una consonante ej.

Lo mismo sucede con mel-, mela-, melan-, que producen los aceptados: Melanthera, Mela-stoma, Mela-cara, Melan-anthus, Melam-pyros, Melan-ococcus.

El significado particular de orden, familia, tribu Los consideraremos por separado. Sin embargo, lo usual es que en los sustantivos de la 1a. En efecto, en algunos de ellos el radical del caso genitivo es igual al del nominativo, mientras en otros es diferente. Aster m. Rubus m. Ficus f. Quercus f. Senecio m. Laurus f. Cedrus f. Pinus f. Ricinus m. Cucumis m. Acer n. Piper n. Triticum n. Trifolium n. Allium n. Foeniculum n. Petroselinum n. Lilium n. Lichen m.

Rhododendron n. Spondias f. Amanita f. Psidium n. Thymus m. Drymis f. Cissus f. Ejemplos: Hemero-callis f. Ono-seris If. Gliri-cidia f. Chryso-chlamys f. Heli-anthus m. Dolio-carpus m. Chrys-anthemum n. Theo-broma f. Al contrario, las palabras latinas en ma Gen. One can be made by slicing a condomdown the side and stretching the latex. Plastic wrap is a pour substitute, but it is better than nothing. Devil's Threesome: A threesome involving two men and one woman.

This is not the type of threesome most men fantasize about, but it is what most settle for. Devotee: A person with a a fetish for disabled people. The two most common fetishes devotees have are abasiophilia and acrotomophilia. Diaper Fetish: A common prop incorporated into age play or fetishes for infantilism, scat, watersports, humiliation, dominance, helplessness Some believe this fetish develops early in life, when a child associates diapers with being loved and coddled.

Extreme diaper fetishists make themselves incontinent so that they need to wear diapers constantly. Dick Cheese: Smegma, which often accumulates under the foreskins of uncircumcised men. So names as it looks and smells like rotten cheese.

Dickery: Behaviors characteristic of a dick head. Dick Hole: 1. The hole at the head of the penis through which fluids flow. An orifice that may be penetrated by a dick.

Dick Lips: As opposed to someone who has dick-shaped lips, the word refers to someone whose lips look ideal for being wrapped around a dick.

Synonyms: DSLs. Dick Slap: Slapping another person, usually in the cheek, with a dick. Often a derogatory act done during rough fellatio. Can also be performed with a dildo. Dick-Tinted Glasses: A mindset that makes you see the world in terms of penises. Commonly worn by feminists who see phallic symbols in everything, construction workers who can turn any tool into a dick joke, pubescent boys, and promiscuous women. Dictator: A penis shaped like a potato that exercises total control over his dominion.

Origins: Will Ferrell. Dildo: Any phallic object used to penetrate the body in order to achieve sexual pleasure. Usually a sex toy made out of rubber, plastic, or glass. A dildo can be a vibrator, but not all vibrators are dildos. Generally though, dildos do not vibrate.

Dime Piece: On a scale of , a woman who rates as a perfect 10 in terms of physical beauty. Usage: "I think I will just dine in tonight. Dingle Berries: Particles of excrement that cling to ass hair after a fart or as a result of inefficient ass wiping. Synonyms: barnacles, chuffnuts, klingons. Diphallia: A medical condition in which a man has two penises. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 5. See The Double Dick Dude.

Dippoldism: A fetish, or paraphilia, in which pleasure is derived from spanking or physically abusing another person. Dirty Harry: A cock that is filthy and surrounded by a mane of pubic hair and possibly featuring a prominent mole , that is still sexually appealing dues to its overt masculinity. Dirty Swirly: While penetrating someone from behind in the bathroom, you dip her head in the toilet and flush.

Discipline: 1. When a dominant partner trains a submissive on fetish protocol. Punishment inflicted on a submissive for disobedience. Disco Stick: A dick on the dance floor, or one belonging to a man with rhythm. Origins: Lady Gaga's song, "Love Game. The state of one's clothes right before or after sex.

Origins: From the French word meaning "to undress. Dishonorable Discharge: When a man ejaculates in a shameful manner. This can include premature ejaculation or reaching climax while masturbating to embarrassing porn just as another person walks in the room. Divorce: "From the Latin word meaning to rip out a man's genitals through his wallet.

DJ Diddles: When a person works a woman's clitoris like a turn table, constantly searching for the perfect rhythm. Origins: Dane Cook.

So named as it is as difficult to keep nuts in an ass as it is to hold two dog in a bathtub. Dog Training: When a submissive partner is treated like a dog. A common form of role playing in BDSM. The Dolphin: An absurd sex act in which the man starts off penetrating the woman from behind.

Then, without any warning, he harpoons his dick into her ass, causing her to make an "eek eek" sound, not unlike a dolphin's distress call. The woman will then flop around in bed like a dolphin desperate to get back into the safety of the sea. Dominant: The partner who enjoys control in a fetishistic relationship. Donkey Punch: An absurd sex act in which a man punches his partner in the back of the head as he reaches climax in order to make her muscles tighten.

Donkey Show: The mythic show that occurs in seedy bars of developing countries in which a woman is penetrated by a donkey. Doorknob: 1 Slut. Everyone gets a turn. Synonyms: community bike. A butt plug shaped like a doorknob. Double Coyote Ugly: When you chew off the arm that is trapped under a troll's sleeping body in order to escape her layer, then you chew off your other arm to keep the troll from identifying you as the one-armed man who fulfilled all of her troll fantasies.

Double Bagger: A partner who is so promiscuous that you assume she has an STD, or who would have your child if she gets pregnant, but who is still attractive enough to risk having sex with.

Synonym: two bagger. Double Bagging: Wearing two condoms for extra protection against contracting an STDor having an unplanned pregnancy with a promiscuous woman. Ironically, the friction between the two condoms actually makes them more likely to break. Double Bedder: 1. Having sex twice in one day with two different people. A sex partner so attractive that you want to have sex with her twice in the same night, or with two mattresses beneath you to absorb the massive pounding you want to give her.

Double Blowjob: When two people perform fellatio on the same man. Double Header: 1. Having sex with two people in one day. A 69 with two men.

A woman who starts you off with felatio, has sex with you, then finishes you off with her mouth. Women two people perform fellatio on the same man. Douche: Flushing out a vagina or ass with a solution meant to mask various odors and tastes.

Douche Bag: An asshole who tries to mask his inner filthiness through superficial means: flashy clothes, too much cologne, steroid muscles Down Low, DL: 1. Keeping an affair low key in order to avoid detection. A homosexual who is reserved when it comes to who he opens up to about being gay. Synonyms: sandwich. Drag Queen: A man who adopts a female persona as a stage act. Drag queens cover every area of the transgendered spectrum, from cross-dressers to transsexuals. Dream of Cream: A wet dream.

Drilldo: A sex machine made by attaching a dildo to the end of a drill, creating a sex toy that can spin at a dangerously fast rate. Dry Humping: What two people do when they have yet to figure out how to have sex. Synonyms: Outercourse. She joins the group of hot girls to meet men who would otherwise be inaccessible. Her friends allow her in the group as she makes them look better by contrast and she provides someone to make fun of behind her back.

When approaching a group with a DUFF, guys should always have a "janitor" available to take out the trash. Dust Under the Bed: Sex so good it spills onto the floor. Sex so thorough and complete, you do not miss a thing.

Dutch: When both partners pay their part on a date. Usage: Asking a woman to go dutch on a date is a great way to ensure there will never be a second date. Dutch Oven: When you fart while in bed with a partner, then pull the covers over both of you. Dutch Rudder: While a man grips his own penis, another person moves the masturbator's forearm, steering the dick ship toward climax cove. Origins: the film, Orgazmo.

Dysmorphophilia: A fetish for mentally or physically impaired partners. Similar to teratophilia. Eager Beaver: 1. A horny woman. The appendage sticking off the shaft of somevibrators, providing clitoral stimulation.

Some are shaped like the tail of a beaver or like rabbit ears. The name of vibrators with such a feature. Ecstasy: 1. A state of rapture, often used to describe the moment one reaches sexual climax.

The name of the recreational street drug MDMA, which induces a euphoric state. Effie: An effeminate homosexual man. Ejaculate: Synonyms: big bang, blow your load, bust your nut, cream, cum, drop your load, fire a shot, get off, get your rocks off, number three, nut, pop a nut, shoot, shoot your wad, spill one's seed, squirt. Electra Complex: A daughter's quasi-sexual competition with her mother for her father's affection. The female version of the Oedipus complex. Origins: Carl Jung.

Electric Chair: When a partner is bound to a chair while receiving electro- stimulation. Electro-Stimulation, E-Stem, Electrosex: Electric stimulation, particularly on the genitals and erogenous zones. Used more to induce pleasure by stimulating nerves and muscles as opposed to the BDSM practice of inducing pain via varying degrees of electrical shocks.

Emetophilia: A fetish for vomiting or watching others vomit, particularly after gagging during fellatio. Synonyms: vomit fetish. Emotional Dump: Unloading all of your emotional baggage on a friend or on a social networking website like Facebook.

Enema: The process of filling the colon with water or some other fluid. This can be done to relieve constipation, to clean out the cavity before anal sex, or simply for the erotic enjoyment of the sensation.

Ephebophilia: A paraphilia involving an attraction to teens or mid to late adolescents generally between the ages of Eproctolagniac: A fetish for farts.

Synonyms: flatulophilia. Erection: When a penis becomes engorged with blood. Synonym: bone, boner, bone-on, chubby, flagpole, hard, hard-on, morning wood, pants pusher, pitch a tent, riser, rock python, salute, semi, steely dan, stiff, stiffy, throbber, wood, woody.

Erotomania: The psychological delusion in which the afflicted person believes a stranger, who is often famous or has high status, is in love with him or her.

Estrus: A state of sexual excitability and receptivity in women due to hormonal shifts caused by ovulation. Synonyms: horny, in heat. E-void: Ignoring someone's attempts to flirt via various electronic mediums: text, email, facebook, twitter…. This often manifests in streaking, public sex, or flashing. A common trait among porn stars. Eye Fucking: Staring at someone while imagining fucking them.

This has nothing to do with actually penetrating the eye socket. This act often provokes an excess of saliva and involuntary tears.

It is commonly featured in hardcore porn scenes and involves gagging, deep throating, and runny mascara. Fag, Faggot, Fagot: 1. A cigarette. Origins: Once referred to a bundle of sticks used for fuel. Fag Hag: A woman who hangs out with attractive gay men as a means of boosting her self-confidence.

Synonym: fruit fly. Fangirl, Fanboy: A person who is obsessed with a celebrity or fictional character to the point that their fascination becomes a fetish. A broad category for several sub- fetishes: padding, inflation, stuffing, gaining, immobility, feederism, feedism, feeding fetish. Father Complex: Most commonly refers to when a woman is attracted to older, sugar-daddy types in part because she lacked a father figure who provided for her as a child.

Synonyms: daddy issues. Feederism, Feedism, Feeding Fetish, Forced Feeding: A fat fetish in which pleasure is derived from feeding oneself, or another, with the intention of increasing a person's size.

Related to: gaining, inflation, immobility, padding, stuffing,. Fellatio: oral sex performed on a penis. Female Copulatory Vocalizations FCV : When female primates, including women, vocalize in specific ways during intercourse. Some scientists suggest these vocalizations are a way of calling over other males. Female Masking: A modern form of cross dressing in which men wear rubber masks, and even synthetic skin suits beneath their feminine clothes, making them look like living sex dolls.

Female Muscle Fetish: A fetish for muscular females. This often stems from a sub's desire to be dominated and emasculated by a physically superior female. Fem-bot: An attractive woman who is so emotionally cold as to provoke suspicion that she is a robot. Feminista: A woman who thinks it is fashionable to be a feminist.

Also, a woman who thinks fashion makes her a woman. Femme: Often refers to a gay man or lesbian who has an abundance of feminine characteristics. Fetish: Sexual arousal resulting from a fixation with a specific act or thing. Some fetishes are so intense that a person has trouble reaching an orgasm unless he engages in, or at least fantasizes about, his fetish. Synonyms: one and only. Firecrotch: A person whose pubic hair is naturally red. Synonyms: redhead, ginger, day walker. Flapjacks: Small, flattened looking boobs.

Despite the name, these are generally not appetizing. Fleshlight: A brand-name sex toy for men that looks like a flashlight, but which contains an artificial vagina. Flip Flop: To serve as both the dominant and submissive partner, the top and the bottom, at different times during a relationship or a single sex session. Common among the gay, lesbian, and BDSM community. Flirt: 1. To demonstrate attraction. One who demonstrates attraction, often with no intention of acting on such feelings.

Floor Mattress: A mattress that sits on the floor with no bed-frame. Often a sign of poverty. Fluffer: The mythic person on a porn set whose job it is to maintain the male performer's erection between shots. Fly Fisherman: A man who artfully seduces women without relying on any of the lures that traditionally attract sex partners, such as wealth, good looks, or power. Synonyms: pick up artist. Foot Fetish: Being sexually aroused by feet, to the point where you want to stick feet in your mouth and rub your genitals on them.

Foot Job: Using feet to bring a man to climax. Foreplay: Any erotic act that precedes, and often prepares a partner for, intercourse. May be performed to prolong the sexual experience, to lubricate the genitals with saliva or vaginal fluid, to stimulate an erection, to get a partner in the mood for more penetrative sex, or to get either partner as near the point of climax as possible.

Foreskin: The excess skin on the shaft of the penis that covers the head, especially when the penis is flaccid. This is what is removed during circumcision. Synonyms: prepuce. Franken Pussy: A vagina that has been surgically brought back to life, especially after childbirth. Franken Penis: A penis that has endured some form of major, physical trauma. Origins: The title of a porno John Wayne Bobbitt made after Lorena Bobbitt cut off his penis then threw it in a field. French Horn: A sex act that mimics the paying of a French horn.

French Kiss: A tongue kiss. Synonyms: Cataglottism. Freud Stick: Penis. So named as it is a physical measure of your innermost desires. Frictation: When two men rub penises together while facing each other. Synonyms: cock rub, bumping dicks, frontism, the Ivy League rub, knocking cocks, Oxford style, the Princeton Rub, sword fighting, tummy sticks. Synonyms: fuck buddy. Friend Zone: A place men are exiled when they do not have the balls to express their attraction for a love interest soon enough.

A relationship limbo where you serve all the platonic functions of a significant other without receiving any of the sexual benefits. Frotteurism: A fetish for rubbing against an unsuspecting, and non-consenting, person. Often performed on trains, buses, or in crowds. Frottage: Non-penetrative sex acts that often involve rubbing. Includes ass jobs, the Cardinal George, cock dogging, foot jobs, hand jobs, Harvard Style, outercourse,The Princeton Rub, titty fucking Frot: Usually refers to any non-penetrative sex act that involves two penises rubbing together.

Synonyms: cock rub, bumping dicks, frictation, frontism, the Ivy League rub, knocking cocks, Oxford style, the Princeton Rub, sword fighting, tummy sticks…. Fuck: 1. To have sex 2. The most popular American curse word. An idiot. Variations: fucker, fuck bag, fuck brain, fuck face, fuck head, fuck nut, fuck tard, fuck tart, fuck up, fuck wad,.

Fuck Buddy: What a woman is referred to behind her back when she agrees to carry on a sexual relationship with a man who has no interest in dating her. Fuck Butter: Personal lubricant or any body fluids that are produced during sex. Fuck Hole: Any orifices that can accommodate a penis.

Fuck Slam: An absurd sex act in which the top partner sudden pulls the bottom partner's legs out from under her while fucking her from behind, causing her to slam down on her stomach. Fucktarded: When you are fucked so hard that you become mentally handicapped for a short period of time. Functional Homosexual: One who has gay sex because of an absence of heterosexual partners. Often occurs in extreme situations, such as in prison or on remote military deployments. Furry: One who has the fetish ursusagalmatophilia, in which people wear downy costumes to either dry hump or have anonymous sex with other furries.

Also includes people who likes to have sex with stuffed animals. Synonyms: plushies. Furvert: One who has a fetish for pubic hair.

Futanari: The Japanese word for hermaphrodite, meaning literally, "dual forms. These characters present an optical illusion to the male psyche. Gag: Any object used to obstruct a person's breathing or to prevent them from talking, especially during sex. Gag Gift: 1. When a man unexpectedly forces his penis into his partner's throat during fellatio.

An unexpectedly large penis. Gag Reflex: The involuntary reaction by throat muscles to expel anything lodged in the wind pipe. In terms of sex, this is often activated during rough fellatio. Gaining: A fat fetish in which pleasure is derived from the idea of oneself, or another, gaining weight. Related to: feederism, feeding, feedism, inflation, immobility, padding,.

Gallantry: Respectful behavior or manners exhibited by men toward women. While this is often considered an aspect of gentlemanliness and romance, gallantry has its origins in misogynistic societies in which men were expected to provide for and protect women, who were viewed as the weaker sex. Game Show Host: A man who has the ability to kiss women within moments of meeting them. A smooth operator. Ganymede: A young, boyish homosexual man. Synonyms: boy toy, twink.

Garbage Canning: Masturbating into a trashcan. En efficient form of masturbation that requires little clean up. Gay: 1. Specifically, a homosexual man.

Gay for Pay: A self-proclaimed heterosexual man who sleeps with men for money. Gender Bender: Someone who plays with gender roles, and gender identity, often embodying both male and female elements. Gender Outlaw: One who refuses any and all attempt to be labeled a specific gender.

Origins: A book of the same name by Kate Bornstein. Gerbiling, Gerbil-stuffing: The absurd urban legend that some men put gerbils in their asses. Most common versions of this myth involve putting a tube into one's asshole, coaxing a gerbil to crawl down that tube, then removing the tube, trapping the gerbil inside. Just as practical as a woman stuffing a hedgehog in her vagina, or hedgehogging.

Gerontophilia: A fetish for older partners, particularly partners who belong to an older generation. Often used in reference to a man having sex for the sport of it, as opposed to other emotional reasons.

GGG: "Good, giving, and game. Gigolo: A male prostitute who deals primarily with female clientele. Girlfriend: A woman who exists in an unstable state, somewhere between fuck buddyand wife.

Right panel shows an example trial from the grapheme-colour synaesthesia diagnostic. Participants adjust the colour-picker to select the associated colour for each presented grapheme. In both cases left and right panels graphemes are presented twice in a test and retest and we calculate the synaesthetic measure of consistency-over-time. High consistency is the hallmark of synaesthesia. Its procedure is similar to the synaesthesia diagnostics above 25 except that it elicits colours for graphemes rather than personifications.

Participants responding NO are classified as non-synaesthetes and are not tested further following standard testing protocols 3 , Participants responding YES specify whether they experience colours for numbers, letters or both, and in the subsequent consistency test they are shown whichever graphemes they reported.

In consistency testing, participants pair each grapheme with a colour, using an interactive colour-picker see Fig. Graphemes are each shown twice in a block-randomised design, and test-scores are an indication of the distance in colour space between each presentation of the same grapheme e.

Smaller scores represent smaller distances, hence greater consistency-over-time. Scores are averaged across all trials and standardised; following validated methods 3 , 33 , synaesthetes were diagnosed as those scoring within the recognised synaesthetic window i.

Tests were presented in the following order: Autism screening [Part 1], SOSQ, Object-personification [Part 1], grapheme-personification synaesthesia test, grapheme-colour synaesthesia test, Autism screening [Part 2], Object-personification [Part 2]. In this section, we ask whether OS individuals show higher autistic traits compared to controls. All analyses here and throughout are two-tailed.

Mean AQ scores for OS and control participants. Higher scores represent more autistic-like traits i. Error bars show standard errors of the means SEMs. In addition to heightened AQ scores, 13 out of 34 OS participants OS individuals also had significantly more diagnoses of autism compared to published epidemiological data from the general population 9 1.

Note that all chi-square analyses here and throughout the manuscript are performed with the more conservative Yates continuity correction where expected cell counts fall below five observations.

Given our online methodology, we were not able to perform independent clinical autism assessments. We therefore ran additional analyses showing that even when we use more conservative methods for classifying participants as autistic, our results remain the same. Our first additional analysis classified participants as autistic only if they satisfy two criteria: 1 they self-reported a formal diagnosis of autism as above AND 2 they gave further spontaneous information about their diagnosis via our optional text-box e.

Following this new autism classification, we continued to find significantly higher rates of autism in our OS group 8 out of 34; i. This more conservative rate of autism in OS was again significantly higher than published epidemiological data from the general population 9 1.

Finally, we also analysed our AQ data and classified participants as autistic only if they scored above the recognised indicative threshold for autism i. Once again we found a significant group difference: there were 10 out of 34 OS participants classified as autistic Moreover, rates of autism in the OS group were once again significantly higher than published epidemiological data from the general population 1.

We first asked whether OS participants experience synaesthesia-like personalities from objects. We therefore analysed scores from the Multisense Test for Object-personification synaesthesia. Both groups were then given a surprise retest. Next, we investigated whether OS was related to a more generalized synaesthetic phenotype, by looking at whether OS individuals also have other variants of synaesthesia.

Here we diagnosed grapheme-personification synaesthesia and grapheme-colour synaesthesia, using recognised protocols and previously validated thresholds 22 , 31 , We found higher rates of both types of synaesthesia in our OS group.

Considering first grapheme-personification synaesthesia, we found higher rates of synaesthesia in the OS group compared to controls although only in gender scores, see Table 1 ; we remind the reader that it is possible to diagnose grapheme-personification synaesthesia either for grapheme genders e.

In addition to the above finding, we also found significantly elevated rates of grapheme-colour synaesthesia, which was 14 times higher in OS individuals Finally, we also considered whether OS individuals might have synaesthesia simply because they may also have autism, given that synaesthesia and autism are co-morbid 6 , 12 , But rates of grapheme-colour synaesthesia were still significantly higher than controls even when considering only OS individuals who did not have autism Further above we have seen that OS individuals give personality traits for their object-partners that are consistent over time.

We point out that the high consistency in reports of personalities described by OS individuals for their object-partners were not simply some heightened ability to remember personality traits: OS individuals were no more consistent than controls when attributing personalities to letters or numbers revealed by a lack of group differences in prevalence for personality ratings during the grapheme-personification test.

This suggests that OS individuals are not better memorisers of personalities in general, but tend to have genuine object-personification synaesthesia, as well as elevated rates of both grapheme-personification synaesthesia for genders only and grapheme-colour synaesthesia.

To date, only one other study 7 has addressed objectum sexuality OS and our research is the first to take an empirical behavioural approach in studying this form of sexual orientation.

We recruited a group of individuals who self-identify as OS and a group of non-OS controls. Our study was motivated by the hypothesis that autism and synaesthesia i. We found a number of significant relationships between OS and synaesthesia. Firstly, we found that the romantic affections of OS individuals towards objects do appear to be driven, at least in part, by object-personification synaesthesia.

This was revealed by the fact that OS individuals do tend to sense personality traits in their object-partners, and that these show the synaesthetic hallmark of consistency-over-time i.

We propose that synaesthetic personalities and genders might increase the anthropomorphic qualities of inanimate objects which could facilitate the development of intimate and romantic feelings over time. Finally, OS was also associated with a broader synaesthetic phenotype in showing significantly elevated rates of two other types of synaesthesia, grapheme-personification synaesthesia and grapheme-colour synaesthesia. We found too that rates of diagnosed autism were over 30 times higher in OS individuals than otherwise expected or 14 times higher even with our most conservative estimate.

Differences were most associated with the Social Skills sub-scale of the AQ finding social situations difficult or unenjoyable, with a preference for objects over humans in one AQ question. Poor inter-human relationships may be relevant to why OS individuals develop relationships with objects although it is unclear whether poorer social skills might be a contributing factor towards OS or indeed a consequence.

For instance, objectum sexuals experience considerable social stigma attached to their orientation 2 which could affect social skills through an avoidance of interactions with other people. Relatedly, anthropomorphizing has been suggested to be a compensatory mechanism when individuals experience increased levels of loneliness 36 and autistic individuals report higher ratings of loneliness compared to controls Other autistic traits might also facilitate feelings of intimacy with objects: a strong need for routine might be fulfilled more easily in relationships with objects rather than people, while higher attention-to-detail and a tendency for special interests could promote heightened focus on, or appreciation for particular objects 7.

Finally, synaesthetic personifications may further reinforce this attention since objects with positive synaesthetic personalities are even known to bias eye-movements for synaesthetes Nonetheless, we point out that just over one third of OS individuals did not report a diagnosis of autism and did not score above the AQ threshold although a number of these scored closely.

It is therefore possible that autism is not a necessary prerequisite for OS in all cases. Nevertheless, our current data suggests that OS, autism, and synaesthesia are linked at multiple levels and future research could focus on delineating the precise nature of how autism and synaesthesia interact in OS.

An important methodological consideration is the fact that our OS participants were recruited from forums online. We took this approach because it would have been difficult to achieve in-person testing given that OS is rare, internationally distributed, and without any regular real-world meeting place as far as we are aware.

More importantly, our participants were reassured by the protection of anonymity, meaning that in-person testing would inevitably have reduced sample size.

Importantly, one might wish to argue that recruiting from online platforms could disproportionally attract people with social difficulties and thereby elevate AQ scores. However, we point out that the OS group scored higher than controls across all factors of the AQ Social skills, Attention-switching, Attention-to-detail, Communication, and Imagination suggesting that our results are not skewed by the social traits of people drawn to online forums.

Given these conservative approaches, we are confident our classifications of autism are accurate, and we also point out that our findings are replicated by our analysis of autism rates in the cohort tested by Marsh 7 see Introduction. Finally, we address one last concern, that AQ scores in OS participants could be circular, given that one question in the AQ out of 50 could potentially define OS i.

If we remove this question from our AQ analysis we still observe the same pattern of results i. Importantly however, OS individuals were elevated across all sub-scales of the AQ.

We are therefore confident that our results speak to rates of autism, rather than being a circular finding about OS per se. Our data speak to biological 38 , psychological 39 , 40 and philosophical 41 models of sexuality or romantic love. We inform biological theories by showing that certain sexual orientations can be found at higher rates within recognised neurodevelopmental conditions with known genetic traits 10 , 42 and specific neurological profiles 43 , 44 independent from the sexual orientation itself.

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